❤️ Central Asian States Become Independent

Google Keyword Rankings for : central asian states become independent

1 Central Asia's Catapult to Independence - Foreign Affairs
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/kazakhstan/1992-06-01/central-asias-catapult-independence
Few peoples of the world have ever been forced to become independent nations. Yet that is precisely what happened to the five Central Asian republics after ...
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2 Central Asia: Confronting Independence
http://large.stanford.edu/publications/coal/references/baker/studies/assets/docs/UnlockingtheAssets_CentralAsia_ConfrontingIndependence.pdf
Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan declared independence as late as the fall of 1991.
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3 Central Asian States See Better Ties After 30 Years Of ...
https://www.rferl.org/a/central-asia-30-years-independence/31435467.html
As Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan mark their 30th anniversaries of independence, they almost certainly have ...
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4 Central Asia: A Political History from the 19th Century to Present
https://asiasociety.org/central-asia-political-history-19th-century-present
Along these administrative lines, we have independent states today. There are three features in the strategies of colonialism in the Soviet empire:
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5 U.S. Policy Toward Central Asia 3.0
https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/01/25/u.s.-policy-toward-central-asia-3.0-pub-62556
Central Asia's first quarter century of independence was marked by a geopolitical orientation toward the West. The United States helped the five ...
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6 The Art of Survival for Central Asian States - The Diplomat
https://thediplomat.com/2022/01/the-art-of-survival-for-central-asian-states/
2021 marked the 30th anniversary of independence of the five Central Asian republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, ...
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7 Central Asia at 30 Years of Independence - Wilson Center
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/central-asia-30-years-independence
This event will be co-sponsored with the Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs. In August and September of 1991, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and ...
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8 Central Asia | Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-Asia
When the Soviet Union collapsed, all five Central Asian Soviet socialist republics obtained their independence in 1991, becoming the sovereign and independent ...
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9 Central Asia: The Long Road to Statehood
https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/186585/305_Larrotcha_Parada.pdf
In the 90s the five countries were trying to become full-fledged independent nations at a time when there was growing instability in Afghanistan, when China was ...
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10 When did the Central Asian states become independent?
https://homework.study.com/explanation/when-did-the-central-asian-states-become-independent.html
With the Soviet Union teetering on collapse, the Central Asian nations took a chance and began to declare independence. On August 31, 1991, Kyrgyzstan and ...
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11 Central Asian States Talk Cooperation but Integration ...
https://www.voanews.com/a/central-asian-states-talk-cooperation-but-integration-remains-a-dream-/6674965.html
Central Asia experts suspect that the two nations' authoritarian leaders are reluctant to be bolder, compared to the more confident Kazakh, ...
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12 Building a New Silk Road? Central Asia in the New World Order
https://origins.osu.edu/article/building-new-silk-road-central-asia-new-world-order?language_content_entity=en
With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 five new nations gained independence in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, ...
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13 CENTRAL ASIA AFTER THE BREAK UP OF THE SOVIET ...
https://factsanddetails.com/central-asia/Central_Asian_Topics/sub8_8d/entry-4521.html
The Central Asia republics that became Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrzgzstan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan were created in the 1920s as the equivalent of ...
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14 Central Asia — twenty-five years after the breakup of the USSR
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405473917300429
At the end of 2016, the five countries of post-Soviet Central Asia — Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan — celebrated the twenty- ...
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15 The U.S. and Central Asia in the Early 1990s | Davis Center
https://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/insights/coast-bohemia-us-and-central-asia-early-1990s
When the Soviet Union disintegrated in December 1991, it left behind in Central Asia five new countries that were also without coasts on world ...
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16 World Bank in Central Asia
https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eca/brief/central-asia
The Central Asia region (CA) comprises the countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It is a diverse region with a mix ...
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17 Central Asia after Two Decades of Independence | SpringerLink
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230361836_16
A striking feature of the five Central Asian countries is that they followed divergent economic strategies after becoming independent in 1991.
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18 The United States and Russia in Central Asia: Uzbekistan ...
https://www.brookings.edu/on-the-record/the-united-states-and-russia-in-central-asia-uzbekistan-tajikistan-afghanistan-pakistan-and-iran/
Over the last ten years of independence, the political divisions between and among the Central Asian states have hardened. The borders the ...
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19 Russia and Central Asia: Evolution of Mutual Perceptions ...
https://www.bakerinstitute.org/sites/default/files/2013-08/import/russia-and-central-asia-evolution-of-mutual-perceptions-policies-interdependence.pdf
1 Historically,culturally,economically,etc., Central Asia may be considered to be a unique compact region,currently encompassing the independent states of ...
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20 Central Asia at 25 - Bruegel
https://www.bruegel.org/sites/default/files/wp_attachments/PC-13-2017.pdf
between newly independent Central Asian states, with border and custom controls and, ... in Uzbekistan) being among the biggest and most prosperous trading ...
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21 Central Asian countries now have two big worries about Russia
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/02/central-asian-countries-now-have-two-big-worries-about-russia/
› politics › 2022/03/02
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22 What is Central Asia? - Kalpak Travel
https://kalpak-travel.com/blog/what-is-central-asia/
Historically and geographically yes, but in terms of past 100 years, 5 Central Asian states went through the different path of development as a ...
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23 Central Asia's New States | United States Institute of Peace
https://www.usip.org/publications/1996/02/central-asias-new-states
With breathtaking speed, the republics of the former Soviet Union have been ... The new Central Asian states in particular are becoming of increasing ...
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24 Key Topics – Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs
https://www.state.gov/key-topics-bureau-of-south-and-central-asian-affairs/
The United States' strategic interests in Central Asia include supporting the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of the five Central Asian ...
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25 2 Local Rules: How Central Asian Regimes Survive
https://academic.oup.com/book/8952/chapter/155270242
In the 1990s these practices were masked by the external assumption that the Central Asian states were in transition, while in the 2000 rulers became more ...
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26 The Central Asian States: Discovering Independence
https://www.routledge.com/The-Central-Asian-States-Discovering-Independence/Gleason/p/book/9780813318356
This book traces the incorporation of Central Asia into the Soviet system, ... the trajectories of the new states as they chart their independent futures.
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27 Strategic Analysis: Russian Policy Towards Central Asia—I
https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/sa/sa_99baj01.html
In late 1993 a Memorandum of Cooperation in the Protection of External State Borders was signed by the heads of Central Asian states and Russia in Ashkhabad.
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28 India can be alternative for Central Asian nations fearing ...
https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3165866/india-can-be-alternative-central-asian-nations-fearing-chinese-yoke
The five Central Asian states – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan – were part of the former Soviet Union and ...
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29 Central Asian Economies: Thirty Years After Dissolution of the ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8404406/
In July 1992, the new independent states of Central Asia joined the United Nations and had to select which of the UN's regional bodies they ...
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30 Central Asian Regionalism or Central Asian Order? Some ...
https://brill.com/view/journals/caa/8/1/article-p1_1.xml?language=en
The CAU and its successors provided a useful set of platforms for the Central Asian states to get to know each other as independent countries in ...
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31 Nation-construction in post-Soviet Central Asia (Chapter 8)
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/soviet-and-postsoviet-identities/nationconstruction-in-postsoviet-central-asia/8C874CAE4F27EFD52FC54B31423E7950
Central Asian nations and the Russo-Soviet legacy. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 turned the former national republics instantaneously into independent ...
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32 Filling the Geopolitical Void in Central Asia
https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/11/filling-the-geopolitical-void-in-central-asia/
Since the Soviet Union disintegrated in late 1991 and the five Central Asian states became independent, Iran has focused more of its ...
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33 The Superpower and the “Stans”: Why Central Asia is Not ...
https://saisreview.sais.jhu.edu/the-superpower-and-the-stans-why-central-asia-is-not-central-to-the-united-states/
The United States should care a lot about Central Asia. The five Central Asian republics, henceforth referred to as the “Stans” (Kazakhstan, ...
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34 REGIONAL COOPERATION IN CENTRAL ASIA
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/aeer/article/download/628/721/2716
Ever since becoming independent in 1991, the republics of former Soviet Central. Asia have been formulating and testing strategies for economic development2 ...
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35 Modern History - South & Central Asia | World101
https://world101.cfr.org/rotw/south-asia/modern-history
Many of the countries that make up South and Central Asia are quite young: Pakistan and India became independent countries in 1947, Bangladesh followed in ...
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36 Kyrgyzstan country profile - BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16186907
A Central Asian state bordering China, Kyrgyzstan became independent with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. · President: Sadyr Japarov.
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37 The Dilemma of Middlepowermanship in Central Asia
https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/dilemma-of-middlepowermanship/
Although the Central Asian states seek a more visible role in the international arena and are characterized as independent actors of world ...
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38 All eyes on Central Asia – Democracy and society | IPS Journal
https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/democracy-and-society/all-eyes-on-central-asia-5367/
A Taliban-controlled Afghanistan is not new for these Central Asian countries. The Taliban expanded rapidly across Afghanistan shortly after the ...
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39 Central Asia: Background and U.S. Relations
https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/R46924.pdf
The United States was among the first countries to recognize the five Central Asian countries when they became independent.
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40 Central Asia - Center for International Private Enterprise - CIPE
https://www.cipe.org/projects/central-asia/
... gained independence in 1991, allowing Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan to become sovereign states. Today, Central Asia ...
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41 RETHINKING AMERICAN STRATEGY IN CENTRAL ASIA
https://www.usafa.edu/app/uploads/06_RETHINKING-US-STRATEGY-IN-CENTRAL-ASIA.pdf
Central Asia became a major focus for the United States as it began its ... of the United States in Central Asia since the emergence of independent states.
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42 U.S. Strategy for Central Asia 2019-2025
https://kz.usembassy.gov/u-s-strategy-for-central-asia-2019-2025-advancing-sovereignty-and-economic-prosperity/
The United States was among the first countries to welcome the independence of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and ...
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43 The Sheriff and the Banker? Russia and China in Central Asia
https://warontherocks.com/2022/06/the-sheriff-and-the-banker-russia-and-china-in-central-asia/
In Central Asia, Russo-Chinese ties appear to be harmonious, ... to reconcile with the fact that those states had since become independent.
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44 Shifting Commercial Economy of Post-Soviet Central Asia
https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-505?rskey=BhxeSJ&result=2
China became one of the central nodes in trade networks for consumer goods ... In the early 1990s, the newly independent Central Asian state ...
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45 Central Asia in the Context of Western and Russian Interests
https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-europe-en-formation-2015-1-page-140.htm
17 After the terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001, the Central Asian countries expressed their support for the United States. Uzbekistan, ...
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46 Central Asia - Centralasiengrupperna
https://centralasien.org/en/central-asia/
It composes five states, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Central Asia has always been populated by nomadic people, composed of ...
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47 The Development of Civil Society in Central Asia - GOV.UK
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08c3de5274a27b200108f/R7649-report.pdf
The Central Asian states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, ... This view holds that civil society needs to be independent and separate from the state and the ...
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48 Central Asia; Geopolitical cohesion and regional powers
https://nournews.ir/En/News/54451/Central-Asia;-Geopolitical-cohesion-and-regional-powers
With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the rise of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1991, the Caucasus and Central Asia regained ...
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49 A few words on Central Asia | gis reseau asie
http://www.gis-reseau-asie.org/en/few-words-central-asia
And suddenly, the region directly opened itself up to the world in 1991: its present states are part of the group of entities that have become sovereigns most ...
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50 Central Asia - European Parliament
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_5.6.4.pdf
The humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan could result in Central Asian countries becoming a destination for large numbers of Afghan refugees and therefore ...
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51 View of Islam and Nationalism in the Formerly Soviet Central ...
https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/article/view/490/825
When the Soviet Union collapsed, the Central Asian republics, which had not really sought independence, found themselves independent. Unlike what happened in ...
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52 Central Asia Is Turning Back to Moscow - Foreign Policy
https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/11/07/central-asia-russia-china-development-security-belt-and-road/
But for the Central Asian states—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—the old occupier, Russia, and, ...
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53 Central Asia after Two Decades of Independence - UNU-WIDER
https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/central-asia-after-two-decades-independence
After becoming independent in 1991, the five Central Asian countries pursued differing transition paths from the defunct central planning.
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54 Instability and Security in Central Asia
https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/projekt_papiere/Inderfurth_ks.pdf
opening the door to a dramatic expansion of terrorist and criminal activity along the lines of a failed state.” When the Central Asian states became independent ...
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55 Prospects for Regional Integration in Central Asia - SSRC Items
https://items.ssrc.org/after-september-11/prospects-for-regional-integration-in-central-asia/
Thus, in early 1992, a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was created comprising almost all of the former Soviet republics, except Georgia and Azerbaijan, ...
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56 Russia and China, Prime Targets in New US Strategy on ...
http://www.ipis.ir/en/subjectview/610072/russia-and-china-prime-targets-in-new-us-strategy-on-central-asia
The United States strategy for Central Asia 2019-2025, which was unveiled after ... the Central Asian countries “want to be sovereign and independent” and ...
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57 CENTRAL ASIA: THE BENDS OF HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1909-30632014000100002
Several post-Soviet studies continue to interpret Central Asia as being limited to five former Soviet Republics: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan ...
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58 Central Asia's Catapult to Independence - ProQuest
http://search.proquest.com/openview/7ec0647bc78aef0bcefe512e01c86913/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1817084
Martha Bri/i Oicott CENTRAL ASIA'S CATAPULT TO INDEPENDENCE ew peoples of the world have ever been forced to become independent nations.
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59 The Transformation of Central Asia: States and Societies from ...
https://www.amazon.com/Transformation-Central-Asia-Societies-Independence/dp/080144151X
With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, former Communist Party leaders in Central Asia were faced with the daunting task of building states where they ...
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60 6. The policy of Russia in Central Asia - SIPRI
https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/books/SIPRI99Chu/SIPRI99Chu06.pdf
become the global core of genuinely shared political responsibility.1 ... ments in the Central Asian zone of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
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61 8.7 Central Asia and Afghanistan
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_world-regional-geography-people-places-and-globalization/s11-07-central-asia-and-afghanistan.html
Today, with Afghanistan, they are independent countries that make up the region called Central Asia. The term stan means “land of,” so, for example, Uzbekistan ...
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62 Is There a Place for a U.S. Military Base in Central Asia?
https://carnegiemoscow.org/commentary/84685
In addition, of all the countries in Central Asia, Tajikistan has the frostiest relations with the United States: Rahmon is the only regional ...
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63 - THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN ...
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg88020/html/CHRG-113hhrg88020.htm
Today, China has grown to become one of the world's largest energy consumers ... Central Asian states have long been pressured by Russia to yield large ...
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64 Germany and Central Asia
https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/1496762/51488be16e2241241b09f76e156f5867/zentralasien-engl-data.pdf
the five Central Asian republics (Kazakhstan, ... Central Asia's newly independent states. ... dialogue is also to be stepped up. The Ger-.
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65 CENTRAL ASIA REGION - IFRC
https://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/annual03/018703.pdf
The countries of Central Asia struggle with transition issues that are common to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Despite a high average GDP in the ...
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66 Central Asia's role in the Heartland, 30 years after the ...
https://www.unav.edu/documents/16800098/17755721/DT-%232-2021_Asia-Hearland_HdeGoni_ENG.pdf
Soviet Union, Central Asia, now composed of five independent states, commenced to be analyzed as a geopolitical entity of its own.
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67 6. Relations with other Central Asian states - Chatham House
https://www.chathamhouse.org/2019/11/kazakhstan-tested-transition/6-relations-other-central-asian-states
› 2019/11 › 6-relations-...
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68 14 Rentierism, Dependency and Sovereignty in Central Asia
https://edinburgh.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748643042.001.0001/upso-9780748643042-chapter-14
Abstract. Twenty years after becoming independent states, all five Central Asian republics can be broadly characterized as either rentier or ...
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69 Central Asian Population in Historical Perspectives
https://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/Newsletter/No.14.english/Islamov.htm
The five republics of Central Asia-Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan-emerged on the map as independent states after the ...
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70 Central Asia – Travel guide at Wikivoyage
https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Central_Asia
All but Afghanistan, (which is sometimes categorized separately) are former Soviet republics, most of which have so far have retained authoritarian, secular ...
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71 Central Asian Countries Reinforce Cooperation In 2022
https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/central-asian-countries-reinforce-cooperation-200000103.html
In 1993, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan created the Central Asian Union (CAU) to foster deeper economic ties and cooperation as well as ...
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72 Reasons for Peace in Central Asia - Valdai Club
https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/reasons--peace-in-central-asia/
Over their three decades of independence, the post-Soviet states of Central Asia have proved that the region they comprise has every objective ...
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73 Country Reports: Newly Independent States / Central Asia
https://www.icnl.org/resources/research/ijnl/country-reports-newly-independent-states-central-asia
The post-soviet law on Public Associations is currently in effect in all Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and ...
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74 Wang Yi Attends the Third "China+Central Asia" Foreign ...
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/kjgzbdfyyq/202206/t20220609_10700621.html
On June 8, 2022 local time, State Councilor and Foreign Minister ... an independent Central Asia; firmly support Central Asian countries in ...
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75 2. The 'Stans' of Central Asia
https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-digital-exhibition/index.php/dressing-the-stans/item/106-the-stans-of-central-asia
They include five modern states that were (re)created in the late 20th century after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. These are Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, ...
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76 Political System and Democratic Discourse in Central Asia
http://www.asthabharati.org/Dia_Oct04/R.R.%20Shar.htm
The process by which national independence was achieved by the Central Asian States was basically similar. Their emergence as Sovereign States was the result of ...
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77 The Foreign Policy Orientations of Central Asian States
https://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no16_1_ses/02_tolipov.pdf
clear: America is too distant to be dominant in this part of Eurasia but too ... The newly independent countries of Central Asia found themselves,.
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78 Central Asia: Increasing Diversity
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ihe/article/download/8478/7612/0
have the potential to become examples of best practice. Central Asia: Increasing. Diversity ... Although Central Asian nations are linked geographically.
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79 Meet the Stans: An Introduction to the Former Soviet ...
https://theobserver-qiaa.org/meet-the-stans-an-introduction-to-the-former-soviet-republics-of-central-asia
President Vladimir Putin meeting with leaders from Central Asia at the 2016 ... The former Soviet republics of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, ...
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80 Background and Scope of the Project
https://cirs.qatar.georgetown.edu/research/research-initiatives/nation-building-central-asia-legacies-identities-and-institutions/background-and-scope-project/
Constituent republics that used to be part of the Soviet Union, particularly those in Central Asia, were left to contend with artificial borders and ...
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81 Central Asian Partnerships - DTIC
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA483753.pdf
Despite economic and social problems, the newly independent states (NIS) of Central Asia proved to be enthusiastic participants in the PFP program. Kazakh and ...
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82 History of Central Asia
https://cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/h/History_of_Central_Asia.htm
With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, five Central Asian countries gained independence. In all of the new states, former Communist party officials ...
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83 Tatarstan's Paradiplomacy in Central Asia
https://oxussociety.org/tatarstans-paradiplomacy-in-central-asia/
Tatarstan has also taken its own course independent of Russia. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, up until the early 2000s, the region ...
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84 Travel to Central Asia - Which country should you visit?
https://againstthecompass.com/en/travel-central-asia/
› travel-central-asia
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85 Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20140321_RL33458_35328e6f2238f1145dc4b229d66e8223f2ae514d.pdf
Commonwealth of Independent States (Putin placed the blame on actions ... governments of the Central Asian states continue to be concerned ...
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86 Between Russia and China: Central Asia in Greater Eurasia
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1879366521998242
By 2018, Russia had invested $12.2 billion in Kazakhstan (“What Countries . . . ,” 2018). Russia's cumulative investment in Kyrgyzstan, another member state of ...
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87 Central Asia After 2014 - USAWC Press
https://press.armywarcollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1511&context=monographs
The withdrawal, planned to be completed by 2014, has put the issue of an independent Afghanistan back on the radar of Central Asian states ...
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88 Democracy and Dictatorship in Central Asia - Political Science
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0060.xml
Central Asia, which encompasses the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, has become ...
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89 Central Asia: Border disputes and conflict potential - Afghanistan
https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/central-asia-border-disputes-and-conflict-potential
All these factors combined to create a complex stew of territorial claims and counterclaims once the Central Asian republics became independent ...
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90 Central Asia: Achievements and Prospects
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2000/09/gurgen.htm
By Emine Gï¿½rgen: Although the five Central Asian countries in ... banking systems continue to be heavily state controlled; and per capita foreign direct ...
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91 WATER IN CENTRAL ASIA: A PROSPECT OF CONFLICT OR ...
https://jpia.princeton.edu/sites/jpia/files/2008-9.pdf
The dams sup- ply electricity as well as irrigation water to all countries in the river basin. Moreover, efforts are being made to address adverse environmental ...
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92 Central Asia after Fifteen Years of Transition:Growth, Regional ...
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28460/wp03-cars.pdf
South Eastern Europe, and Russia within the Commonwealth of Independent States. However, an important group—the Central Asian Republics (CARs)—have ...
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93 Erica Marat, The Military and the State in Central Asia
https://journals.openedition.org/pipss/3780
The author analyses the effectiveness of national sovereignty in post-Soviet Central Asian republics by looking into the army creation process. To underline the ...
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94 The U.S. Role and Policy in Central Asia: Energy and Beyond
https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/AFJ/article/view/12931/9295
particular, the oil and natural gas deposits have now become the ... States has varied and at times competing interests in Central Asia.
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95 REGIONAL SECURITY IN CENTRAL ASIA - DergiPark
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/790991
Central Asian states suddenly found themselves independent actors facing ... community became a top-priority task and important test for the Central. Asian ...
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